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What is LED?
LEDs (light emitting diodes) are solid-state semiconductor devices that can convert electrical energy directly into light. The heart of a led is a semiconductor chip of which one side is attached on the top of an anvil that is the negative power lead, and the other side is connected with a whisker to a positive power lead. it is the most important part of the LED.

Power Factor:
A measure of the effectiveness with which an electrical device converts volt-amperes to watts; devices with power factors >0.90 are "high power factor" devices.

Frequency:
The number of times per second that an alternating current system reverses from positive to negative and back to positive, expressed in cycles per second or hertz, Hz.

Beam Angle:
The angle between the two directions for which the intensity (candlepower) is 50% of the maximum intensity as measured in a plane through the nominal beam centerline (center beam candlepower).

Beam Spread:
The angle between the two directions in the plane in which the candlepower is equal to a stated percent (usually ten percent) of the maximum candlepower in the beam.

The total harmonic distortion, or THD, of a signal is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components to the power of the fundamental frequency. Lesser THD allows the components in a loudspeaker, amplifier or microphone or other equipment to produce a more accurate reproduction by reducing harmonics added by electronics and audio media.

Color Rendering Index (CRI):
The measure of a light source's ability to render the color of objects "correctly," as compared with a reference source with comparable color temperature; the scale peaks at 100.

Efficacy:
Efficiency of a light source expressed in lumens per watt (LPW or lm/W).

Coefficient of Utilization (CU):
The ratio of the luminous flux (lumens) from a luminaire received on the work-plane to the lumens emitted by the luminaire's lamps alone.